User:Caio79 (Brazil)

HeDing text
Soon

Notes because I don't know where to put these
https://www.ufsj.edu.br/portal2-repositorio/File/revistaestudosfilosoficos/art10-rev3.pdf Persecution of republicans -> Stablishment and aristocracy has been empowered again -> Some reforms to the status quo starts to appear -> They get ousted and the oligarchic regime is implemented -> Parliament curbs empress

Remember Campos Salles

Rodrigues Alves -> Infraestructure, good economy; Afonso Pena -> Railways, immigration; Hermes -> Army-centric; Brás -> Civil code, factories; Delfim Moreira -> Mad; Epitácio Pessoa -> Anti-drought, army and labor reforms; Bernardes -> Represseive; Washington -> Roads

https://www.econ.puc-rio.br/uploads/adm/trabalhos/files/Henrique_Cadime_Duque_Estrada_Meyer.pdf Industrialization notes. Also, less industrialisation before the 30s because no WW1

https://www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/handle/10183/12462/000627005.pdf;sequence=1 JK notes

https://anovafederacaodip.wordpress.com/2020/12/09/positivismo-gaucho-brasileiro-trabalhismo-brasileiro-e-republica-positiva-uma-historia-resumida-capitulo-ii/ Names

Roberto Campos - PAEG

Whatever
Belle Époque:

Deodoro da Fonseca - Yes. - 48 - Conservative

Gaspar da Silveira Martins - Liberal

Oligarchy:

Artur Bernardes - Yes. - 149

Paulo de Frontin - Yes. - André Gustavo Paulo de Frontin was born in Raiz da Serra de Petrópolis, in the province of Rio de Janeiro, on September 17, 1860, the son of João Gustavo de Frontin and Hipólita Laurença Eulália de Villan; He studied at Colégios São Luís and José Ferreira da Paixão, in Petrópolis, and Pinheiro and Pedro II, in Rio de Janeiro, then capital of the Empire, completing the preparatory courses in the latter. In 1874 he entered the Polytechnic School and in 1879 he graduated in civil and geographic engineering. The following year he obtained two more degrees from the same institution: mining engineer and bachelor of physical and mathematical sciences. Still in 1880, he became a substitute professor in the civil engineering course at the Escola Politécnica and Colégio Pedro II. In 1882, he earned a doctorate in civil and mining engineering. Also in the 1880s, he founded an abolitionist club with friends at the Polytechnic; His first public position was that of resident engineer at the Franca Reservoir, in the Inspectorate of Waters and Public Works, between 1880 and 1884. A confessed lover of equestrianism, in 1885 he created the Sociedade Desportiva Derby Club, of which he would become perpetual president. Between 1886 and 1887 he worked in the backlands of Bahia on water channeling projects. Its national projection took place in March 1889, with works carried out to overcome the water supply problem in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The episode became known as “Water in Six Days”, due to the time spent in the operation; In 1890, he became professor of the physical and mathematical sciences course at the Polytechnic School. In partnership with Carlos Sampaio, in that same year he founded Empresa Industrial Melhoramentos do Brasil, responsible for important construction works on railway stretches in the country and one of the first real estate agencies to operate in the city of Rio de Janeiro. In 1896, he was part of the commission charged with evaluating sanitation plans and projects for Rio de Janeiro, chaired by Manuel Vitorino Pereira, then Vice President of the Republic. That year and the following he also directed the Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil. Later, in the urban reform works carried out in the city of Rio de Janeiro under the management of Mayor Pereira Passos (1902-1906), he was appointed, in 1903, head of the Constructor Commission of Avenida Central, currently Avenida Rio Branco. Also in 1903, he was elected president of the Clube de Engenharia, a position he would hold for three decades, being bestowed by the institution with the title of perpetual president. He returned to direct the Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil between 1910 and 1914, an experience that, added to the first, made him expand his network of relationships and accumulate great political capital; In fact, alongside his intense professional activity as an engineer, businessman and professor, Paulo de Frontin developed an important political trajectory in the city of Rio de Janeiro, becoming, in a short period of time, one of the main figures of Rio de Janeiro politics. His connection with politics was formalized with his entry, in 1912, into the Republican Party of the Federal District, led by physician Augusto de Vasconcelos. Conquest of his first parliamentary term, however, would take place later, in 1917, the year in which he founded the Republican Alliance. At the head of the new party, which became one of the main acronyms of Rio de Janeiro politics, Frontin secured a seat in the Senate for the Federal District, in the vacancy opened by Sá Freire, standing out during the legislative works for the defense of civil service. The conquest of a new term came in the regular legislative elections, held in March 1918. However, he interrupted his stay in the Senate by accepting the invitation made by President Delfim Moreira (1918-1919) to assume the position of mayor of the Federal District, replacing Peregrino da Silva; In his short stint at Rio de Janeiro's city hall, between January 22nd and July 26th, 1919, Paulo de Frontin carried out a large number of works to (re)configure Rio's urban space: the duplication and paving of Avenida Atlântica; the opening of Avenida Meridional (currently Delfim Moreira), which, giving continuity to Avenida Vieira Souto, connected the Lagoa canal (currently Jardim de Alá) to the rise of Avenida Niemeyer, which was widened; the extension of Avenida Beira Mar, and the opening of the João Ricardo tunnel, linking Campo de Santana to Gamboa – work carried out to divert the movement of goods from the most central area of the city towards the Cais do Porto. This intense activity earned him the nicknames of “Mayor of the Magic Wand,” “Hercules of the City Hall” and “Mayor of Maximum Density,” as he was called by the favorable press. Among the disaffected sectors, of which Jornal do Brasil often served as a spokesman, his administration was often classified as disastrous, and he himself was accused of suffering from “megalomania” and of “providing bread and circuses to the people”; In terms of taxation, Frontin developed a policy that did not run counter to the interests of the city's big capital. He suspended the collection of the territorial tax and did not commit to the collection of the export tax, created during the administration of Amaro Cavalcanti. At the same time, he sought to establish alliances with political influences from different parishes, especially from the suburbs and the countryside, inaugurating the practice of visiting these locations; Regarding city hall workers, on May 1, 1919, it enacted Decree Law no. 1,329, which it authored, granting municipal workers with more than ten years of service rights and benefits conferred only to municipal civil servants. With the device, he came to be called by some the "Father of the Working Class"; His action at the head of the Municipal Executive generated speculation in the press about a future candidacy for the Presidency of the Republic, in addition to a movement in defense of his permanence in the position of government of Epitácio Pessoa, who, elected in April 1919, was due to take office on the following July 28. The movement had the support of the Republican Feminine Party and the Union of Municipal Workers, and was joined by various sectors of society. directories were organized to collect signatures to be sent to the president-elect, but none of these initiatives had any effect. It should be noted that, in the election that conferred victory on Epitácio Pessoa, Frontin had supported the dissident candidacy of Rui Barbosa; Upon leaving the city hall, where he was replaced by Milcíades Mário de Sá Freire, Frontin was elected federal deputy for the Federal District. He took office in the Chamber on December 9 and the following year was part of the Public Instruction Commission, until his term ended on December 31; The year 1921 marked his return to the Senate, after the dispute for the seat on the Rio bench with the former minister and former mayor of the Federal District Amaro Cavalcanti. In his third term in the Upper House, Frontin stood out in the defense of the Council of the Municipal Intendency of the Federal District, the Legislative body of the city of Rio de Janeiro, a constant target of criticism from both the press and parliamentarians from different groups. Committed to safeguarding the prerogatives and competences of that House, he presented Bill No. 15 of 1921, modifying the way in which the mayor's vetoes were evaluated. According to the project presented, the mayor's veto would only be approved if he gathered a majority of the votes of the senators present at the session that would decide on the matter. He also advocated the development of a joint action by the federal government and the Federal District city hall to solve the problem of housing shortages in the city of Rio, sustaining during the Carlos Sampaio administration (1920-1922) the need to construct buildings and housing individual and collective; In the same period, between 1921 and 1922, he was a member of the Public Instruction Commission and took part in debates on presidential succession. At the convention that had launched the name of Artur Bernardes by the situationist forces, the Republican Alliance had decided to support the official candidacy. Throughout the campaign, however, with the disclosure of letters supposedly sent by Bernardes to Raul Soares containing disrespectful references to the military, an episode that would become known as the “false letters”, Frontin started to defend the freedom of choice of the alliance members in relation to the elections. His proposal defeated, he broke with the Alliance he had founded. In a speech on the Senate tribune on December 29, 1921, he explained the reasons for his departure from the organization and justified his support for the dissident ticket of Reação Republicana, formed by Nilo Peçanha and José Joaquim Seabra; During the quadrennium of Artur Bernardes (1922-1926), Frontin remained in a position of equidistance between the government forces and the opposition forces, which did not prevent him from fighting the press bill produced by the government with the objective of limiting the action of the opposition. In a famous eight-hour speech, in the session of December 6, 1922, he obstructed the voting agenda for the project, dealing with varied themes such as the question of the Navy budget, the problem of land personnel, the consequences of the Great War (1914 -1918) in the world economy, Brazilian exchange rate policy and the problem of railroads in Brazil; Despite his removal from party affairs after breaking with the Republican Alliance, Frontin continued to participate in debates related to the politics of the Federal District. In discussions surrounding the recognition of the candidate elected to the Senate in 1924, when Irineu Machado and Mendes Tavares were running for the seat, the latter, an autonomist leader supported by the federal government and victorious in the process, defended the election of Irineu Machado, whose fate it was the “beheading” due to his participation in the Republican Reaction; In the following quadrennium, under Washington Luís (1926-1930), Frontin occupied the Senate tribune to defend the currency stabilization policy carried out by the government as a way to contain the inflationary spiral. In the federal elections of 1930, he sealed the rehearsed rapprochement with the government, supporting the ticket Júlio Prestes and Vital Soares for the presidency and vice-presidency of the Republic. Relying on the strength of Situationism and the prestige of his name, he ran with José Joaquim Seabra for re-election to the Senate representing the Federal District. Despite having emerged victorious in the election and in the recognition process, the signs of erosion of his power in local politics were already clear. Seabra's candidacy won the support of most of the City Council intendants, the city's independent electorate and politicians such as Adolfo Bergamini, Maurício de Lacerda, Sales Filho, Cândido Pessoa, Leitão da Cunha, Barthlet James and Dormund Martins, as well as Irineu Machado; When the revolutionary movement broke out on October 3, 1930, Frontin made his last speech in the Senate, defending the maintenance of order and condemning the revolution. His position at the time and the criticisms later made of the movement that put an end to the political model in force in the First Republic compromised his political influence in the new government. Pedro Ernesto, appointed by Getúlio Vargas to intervene in the Federal District, even invited him to participate in the elaboration of the municipal budget in the first moments of the provisional government. Soon after, however, he would withdraw the invitation. Frontin would also receive a letter determining his dismissal from the Polytechnic's full professorships, which, although it was not consummated, prevented him from conducting classes from then on; Withdrawn from political activity, stripped of his parliamentary mandate with the closure of Congress, in an interview given to the Rio de Janeiro press, Frontin would reaffirm his stance in defense of the political-administrative autonomy of the Federal District, made throughout his entire political trajectory, and his disagreement with to the idea of transferring the capital, considering it expensive and, mainly, harmful to the city's businesses. In his last months of life, already sick, he experienced the ostracism imposed by the new government; He died in the city of Rio de Janeiro, then the Federal District, at his home on Rua das Laranjeiras, on February 15, 1933; Married to Maria de Toledo Dodsworth, daughter of the barons of Javari, he had three children: Maria Elisa, who married Álvaro Werneck, Henrique Paulo and Maria da Glória, who married Moniz Freire. His nephew Henrique Dodsworth would pursue a political career and would also be mayor of the Federal District (1937-1945); Kinda of a populist-ish guy, may be a radical

Ribeiro de Andrada - Yes. - 165

Otávio Mangabeira - Yes. - 74

Pre Integralist:

Jackson de Figueiredo - Yes. -

Severino Sombra - No. -

Miguel Reale - No. -

Anor Butler Maciel - No. -

Populist:

Cordeiro de Farias - Yes. -

Eduardo Gomes - Yes. -

Osvaldo Aranha - Yes. -

Alberto Pasqualini -

João Mangabeira - Yes. -

Fernando Ferrari -

Ademar de Barros -

Pedro Ernesto Baptista -

uncertainty:

Abelardo Jurema - Edna Lott -

Hermes Lima -

Walter Moreira Salles -

Josué de Castro -

Roberto Campos -

Roberto Silveira -

Ney Braga -

Mário Simonsen -

Jânio Quadros - Miguel Arraes -

Afonso Arinos -

Auro de Moura Andrade -

Celso Peçanha -

Ariano Suassuna -

Herbert Levy -

Francisco Julião -

Carlos Lacerda -

See the others in the document.

Contemporary:

Themes:

ABC -

ABL -

AIPB -

AM-B -

AL -

Anarchism -

1891 Constitutional Assembly -

ABE -

ABI -

ACSP -

ACRJ -

AVANTI! -

Brazil Bank -

National Flag -

Imperial Family Ban -

A Batalha -

Workers and peasants bloc -

Bolivia Syndicate -

Salvador bombing -

Borracha -

Bota-Abaixo -

Caixa de aposentadorias e pensões de estradas de ferro -

Campanha Civilista -

False letters -

CACO -

Centro acadêmico XI de agosto -

CIESP -

Centro dom vital -

CIB -

A cigarra -

Clarté -

Classe operária -

Clube de engenharia -

Clube militar -

Clube naval -

Clube republicano -

Código civil de 1916 -

Coligação Católica Brasileira -

Coluna Prestes -

Comissão de diplomação dos eleitos/Comissão de verificação de poderes -

Confederação geral do trabalho -

COB -

Conferencias de Paz de Haia (1899 e 1907) -

Conferencias pan-americanas -

CNT -

1891 Constitution -

Convenio de Taubaté -

Colarinho Roosevelt -

Coronelismo -

Correio da manhã -

Correio do povo -

Correio Paulistano -

1929 Crisis -

Crítica -

O Cruzeiro -

Damas da cruz verde -

Defesa nacional -

DNSP -

Dia do soldado -

Diário carioca -

Diário da Bahia -

Diário da manhã -

Diário da noite -

Diário de notícias (RJ) -

Diário de notícias (salvador) -

Diário de pernambuco -

Diário de SP -

Diário nacional -

Diário oficial -

Diplomacia das canhoneiras -

Dom Quixote -

Doutrina Drago -

Electron -

ELEIÇÃO A BICO DE PENA -

ENCILHAMENTO -

ESCOLA DO RECIFE -

ESCOLA MILITAR DA PRAIA VERMELHA -

ESCOLA MILITAR DO REALENGO -

ESQUERDA, A -

ESTADO DE MINAS -

ESTADO DE S. PAULO, O -

EXPOSIÇÃO DO CENTENÁRIO DA ABERTURA DOS PORTOS -

EXPOSIÇÃO INTERNACIONAL DO CENTENÁRIO DA INDEPENDÊNCIA DO BRASIL -

FEDERAÇÃO, A -

FEDERAÇÃO BRASILEIRA PELO PROGRESSO FEMININO -

FLORIANISMO -

FLUMINENSE, O -

FON FON -

FUNDING LOANS (1898, 1914 e 1931) -

GAZETA, A -

IMIGRAÇÃO -

IMPOSTO DE RENDA -

ITABIRA IRON ORE COMPANY -

IFOCS -

JACOBINISMO -

Silva Jardim (republican stuff) -

JORNAL DO BRASIL -

JORNAL DO COMÉRCIO -

JORNAL, O -

JOVENS TURCOS -

KLAXON -

LANTERNA, A -

LEI DO SORTEIO MILITAR -

LEI ELÓI CHAVES -

LEIS ADOLFO GORDO -

LIGA BRASILEIRA CONTRA O ANALFABETISMO -

LIGA BRASILEIRA PELOS ALIADOS -

LIGA DA DEFESA NACIONAL (LDN) -

LIGA DAS NAÇÕES -

LIGA DE AÇÃO REVOLUCIONARIA -

LIGA NACIONALISTA DE SÃO PAULO (LNSP) -

LIGA PRÓ-SANEAMENTO DO BRASIL -

LIGHT -

MAÇONARIA -

MARAGATOS, PICA-PAUS E CHIMANGOS -

MUTUALISMO -

NAÇÃO, A -

NACIONALISMO -

Nicanor do Nascimento -

NOITE, A -

NOTÍCIA, A -

OCUPAÇÃO BRITÂNICA DA ILHA DA TRINDADE -

OLIGARQUIAS -

ORDEM, A -

PACTO BRIAND-KELLOG -

PACTO DE PEDRAS ALTAS -

PAÍS, O -

PARTICIPAÇÃO BRASILEIRA NA CONFERÊNCIA DE PAZ DE VERSALHES -

PARTICIPAÇÃO BRASILEIRA NA PRIMEIRA GUERRA MUNDIAL -

PÁTRIA, A -

PLATEIA, A -

PLEBE, A -

POLÍTICA COMERCIAL NA PRIMEIRA REPÚBLICA -

POLÍTICA DAS SALVAÇÕES -

POLÍTICA DOS GOVERNADORES -

POSITIVISMO -

POVO, O -

PRIMEIRO CONGRESSO OPERÁRIO BRASILEIRO -

Proclamação da República -

PROJETO DE PACTO DO ABC DE 1909 -

QUESTÃO MILITAR -

QUESTÃO PANTHER -

RAZÃO, A -

REAÇÃO REPUBLICANA -

REARMAMENTO NAVAL (1910) -

RECONHECIMENTO DO REGIME REPUBLICANO -

REFORMA DA CONSTITUIÇÃO DE 1891 -

REFORMA DO SERVIÇO DIPLOMÁTICO (1895) -

REFORMAS EDUCACIONAIS -

RETIRADA DO BRASIL DA LIGA DAS NAÇÕES -

REVISTA DA SEMANA -

REVISTA DE ANTROPOFAGIA -

REVISTA DO BRASIL -

REVISTA ILUSTRADA -

REVOLTA DA ARMADA -

REVOLTA DA CHIBATA -

REVOLTA DA VACINA -

REVOLTA DE 5 DE JULHO DE 1922 -

REVOLTA DE 5 DE JULHO DE 1924 -

REVOLUÇÃO DE 1930 -

REVOLUÇÃO FEDERALISTA -

REVOLUÇÃO GAÚCHA DE 1923 -

SEDIÇÃO DE JUAZEIRO -

SEGUNDO CONGRESSO OPERÁRIO BRASILEIRO -

SEMANA DE ARTE MODERNA -

SINDICALISMO -

SINDICALISMO AMARELO -

SINDICATO -

SISTEMA ELEITORAL -

SAIN -

SRB -

STF -

STM -

TARDE, A -

TENENTISMO -

TERRA LIVRE, A -

TRATADO DE LOCARNO -

TRATADO DE PETRÓPOLIS -

TRATADOS DE FIXAÇÃO DE LIMITES TERRITORIAIS -

TRIBUNAL DE CONTAS -

UFAM -

Characters