Kingdom of Monsters (The Kingdom Under the Mountain:Redux)

The Kingdom of All The Monsters, commonly known as the Kingdom of Monsters, is a country in North America. It is the only country whose territory is Underground. The total area of the Kingdom of Monsters is 3,373,129 square kilometres (425 sq mi), with an estimated 2021 population of more than 40 million people.

The Kingdom of Monsters is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. The capital and largest city is New Home, a global city and financial centre with a metropolitan area population of over 3 million. Other major cities include Home, Nellis City, Noville, Tokoaga and Industria. It is a Federal State with twenty-one States.

The Kingdom of Monsters has the world's eighteenth-largest economy by nominal gross domestic product (GDP), and the sixth-largest by purchasing power parity. It has a high-income economy and a very high Human Development Index rating, ranking 18th in the world. It also performs well in international rankings of education, healthcare, life expectancy and human development. It is the second youngest member of the United Nations

The Kingdom of Monsters is a member of the G20, the United Nations, NATO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Interpol, and the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Indigenous peoples and Pre-Laronian history
It is generally accepted that the first monsters inhabitants of North America migrated from Siberia by way of the Bering land bridge and arrived at least 21,000 years ago; however, some evidence suggests an even earlier date of arrival. The Miraheze, which appeared around 23,000 BC, is believed to represent the first wave of monster settlement of the Americas. This was likely the first of three major waves of migration into North America; later waves brought the ancestors of present-day Underground Monsters.

Over time, indigenous cultures in North America grew increasingly complex, and some, such as the pre-Larionian Tressabian culture in the southeast, developed advanced agriculture, architecture, and complex societies. The city-state of Mariza is one of the largest, most complex pre-Larionian archaeological site in the modern-day United States. In the Southern Californian region, Ancestral Seemeian culture developed from centuries of agricultural experimentation. The Gaekkish are one of the most populous and widespread North American native language groups. Historically, the peoples were prominent along the Pacfic Coast and into the interior along the Ebott River and around the area of modern Ebott City.

Monsters around the modern area of Ebott City started forming clans around 730 BCE, after many wars the most influential clans that manged to survive were: The Dreemurr's, the The Gaster's, the Fishkriege and the Shadestride.

Early forms of modern Monster Culture began appearing here, as the first carving of the Delta Rune has been dated to around 3200 BCE, as historian Gerson Boom says in his book The History of Monsters Pt.1 "The Delta Rune is symbol of the Kingdom of Monsters, the oldest evidence of it was found in the Delta Cave dated to around 3200 BCE or 1200 years ago". Ancient Monster religion also appeared late during this era, as the city-states of the Tulare Basin began further developing and centralizing.

Rise of Larion and the Confederation


In 23 BCE, the nearby city-state of Cesaria saw weakness in the nearby clans of Larion and decided to start a conquest of the clans of Larion. Whilst initially successful, the Cesarian conquest eventually began to fall apart, thanks to the Provisional Alliance of the Four Clans. After the Larionian victory, the four clans sought closer relations with each other. So on the 1st of January, 1 AD, with a feast with the four families. The Confederation of Larion was declared, whilst in its first century, the Confederation was unstable, and nearly collapsed in the First Century Crisis, the Confederation would overcome these problems, and would rise victorious in the Larionian-Tressabian War, thanks to the leadership of Consul Sarius Madern. After the end of the First Century Crisis. Larion would become the Monster superpower, surpassing even the State of Zaloew in its power. Under the leadership of Consul Pseudolus Avenarius, Larion would experience an era of peace and prosperity, with there being no major wars from 120 AD to 210 AD.

All of this would end with the War of Larionian Survival, in which all of Larion's enemies sought to conquer and destroy Larion, whilst Larion itself wasn't all alone in this war. After all, they had the help of the Kingdom of Slachabia and the Republic of Treschow. Despite this, Larion was the state that suffered the most, with historian Gerson Boom, concluding that up to 30% of the population died in the war.

Despite this, Larion would recover and prosper in the Larionian Golden Era which lasted from 329 A.D to 527 A.D, in fact by 527 the Confederation of Larion was a fairly democratic society, even by today's standards. Citizens of Larion enjoyed certain rights that they wouldn't recover until the signing of the Bill of Rights, such as freedom of speech and religious liberties. The Larionian Goldern Era would end, as famine struck the Confederation in 527 A.D. The failures of Consul Pistoclerus Gelasius to prevent and alleviate the famine, gave rise to the New Sons of Larion, a populist movement led by General Saturio Natalis called for the abolition of the "corrupt" and "brutish" Larionian Senate and Assembly.

The Augustinus Coup and the Early Kingdom of Larion
In the early hours of May 23, 532, General Augustinus would begin marching to the City of Larion, and there he would march into the Capitol Building and force both the Senate and National Assembly to make him leader of both. Using his newfound powers he would abolish both and he would declare himself Supreme Commander. Then he declared one of his allies, Tarius Dreemurr King of Larion.

Many neighboring states originally rejected the new Larionian government, with the Republic of Treschow outright declaring war on Larion and many others withdrawing ambassadors and their merchants. After two years, the Republic of Treschow was fully annexed by Larion. Relations with many states would not normalize by decades, with the State of Gariol not recognizing the new government until the death of Augustinus.

Augustinus's administration would be one of the most corrupt and authoritarian in the history of Monsters, with bribery and cronyism becoming common throughout Augustinus's reign. Repression became common, with the 543 peasants rebellion being crushed by brutal methods, including torture, the burning of villages, etc...

Augustinus would die of Tuberculosis on May 17, 561, with his friend Philippus Glaucia succeeding him, becoming the second Supreme Commander, his administration would be noticeably less corrupt and hedonistic than Augustinus administration, and many of Augustinus's cronies would either be fired or executed. Glacia's time as Supreme Commander was relatively peaceful, with there being no wars during his administration, Philippus Glaucia would restart foreign relations and begin rebuilding many Trade Networks.

Philippus Glaucia would fall down on June 23, 601, and would finally pass away on July 4, 601. Dying at the age of 81. Glaucia's successor would be chosen by a Council made up of the Larionian Elites, which included nobles, bankers and millitary commanders. Eventually, a successor would be chosen, with Ballio Arcadius becoming Supreme Commander, Arcadius would continue many of Glaucia's policies, with Larion even managing to join an alliance against the renewed threat of Slachabia. Ballio Arcadius would die in 652, leaving behind a legacy of a stable and prosperous Larion.

The Removal of the Supreme Commander and the Late Kingdom of Larion
From 652 to 931, Larion would be ruled by Supreme Commander Joe Steel, with not much happening during his tenure, despite there being minor confrontations with nearby states, the period would be very stable, with a rising economy thanks to reinvigorated trade, thanks to Steel. Steel would die on April 25, 951. Leaving the office of Supreme Commander to his son Vladimir Steele. Steele II as he became known, would pale in comparison to his father, with famine and war happening frequently during his tenure. Eventually, he would be overthrown by a coalition of Nobles, clergymen, and the Army. After the removal of Steele II, many rallied for the abolition of the position of Supreme Commander. After a voting sesion within the Larionian Provisional Goverment on Mar 21, 957 the position of Supreme Commander would be abolished, with the powers of the Supreme Commander being given to King Astabad Dreemurr, who would bring back Larion to a strong and stable position thus calming the fears of nearby states of Larionian collapse, Astabad would die on May 971, with his son, Asgard becoming the King of Larion. Meanwhile the rulers in nearby Human nations saw this as a travesty and many feared that what happened in Larion would happen to them, thanks to this and other socio-economic factors the ideology of Human Supremacy would take by storm the nearby Human States, with many Nobles and even the King of Vlahhirei, Stithulf the I coming out as a supporter of the ideology, before being overthrown by his Cousin, John the III with the support the nobles. This would acerbate fears of a Monster conspiracy to take over the World and would push many Human Leaders to be supporters of the ideology.

The status quo would surprisingly hold until 1005 when SOUL absorption was discovered. This sent the Human states into a frenzy and on December 24, 1005. All of the Human states would unite as the Human Confederation. Meanwhile, the Monster Kings would enter into a panic with the idea of a united Monster confederation becoming extremely popular with the Monsters, thus alienating them even further from Humans. This ended with the Kingdoms of Larion, Arteasi, and Treshcow uniting into the Kingdom of Monsters on May 19, 1006, with King Asgard of Larion becoming King of All the Monsters. This angered the Human Confederation, which demanded that the Kingdom of Monsters be disbanded and reparations are paid if this was not done by May 23. The Human Confederation would declare war upon the Kingdom of Monsters. The Monsters rejected this ultimatum. On May 23, 1006, the Human Confederation would declare war on The Kingdom of Monsters.

Human-Monster War
The Human-Monster War started on May 23, 1006, with the first battle, The Battle of SOULs being fought on May 29th, initially Monsters earned victories with the Human Confederation nearing collapse, but the Humans would manage to turn the tide in the Battle of the Two Suns, with the battle ending with a Monster defeat, with even the Queen of Monsters Marliak Dreemurr dying on the battle. With the Monster's morale collapsing after the battle, many nobles retracted their support to the King, and a few even attempted to overthrow the King, although the plot failed. Meanwhile, Human morale increased with the Humans scoring more and more victories; to add to the Monster's bad luck, the King died in the battle of Miraheze; with the inexperienced King Asgore being crowned on August 16, the new King would order the walls of the city of the Larion to be closed until further notice, with the order technically not being rescinded until 2010.

The Siege of Larion would start on August 23 and would last until September 2, when the Human army managed to cross the city walls and entered the city, the Battle of Larion was brutal with Urban fighting being brutal for both sides, but the Monsters managed to hold Human Army in the South side of the city, in retaliation the Humans decided to brutalize the city and its citizens, with innocent Monsters being tortured by the Human Army. Seeing no possibility of victory, King Asgore and the Council of Ten initiated the Evacuation of Larion, with Monsters civilians and even some military personnel being evacuated to a nearby cave in Mt. Ebott, ultimately the last holdouts of the Monster Army and civilians would surrender on September 15, with the Monsters being trapped in Mt. Ebott the very next day.

Creation of the Barrier and The Times of Despair
After being defeated during the Battle of Larion. The Monsters who had sought refuge in Mt.Ebott and other remnants were forced to sign the Treaty of Larion, which annexed all of their territories and forced them into the Underground; the Humans surprisingly allowed the Monsters to evacuate their women and children into the Underground for 6 hours, although adult males were not allowed to evacuate and were executed instead. After 10,000 residents of Larion were moved from the city; after the six hours passed; the Barrier was officially created in the early morning of September 16. Following the creation of the Barrier the 21,000 Monsters that were allowed to evacuate to the Underground splintered into several factions, although 10,000 remained loyal to Asgore and followed him on the Long March to the cave's deepest point; now safe from any immediate Human threat, the Monsters began construction on a new place to live; initially meant as a temporary camp for Monsters to reside in before continuing their travels, the camp grew as Monsters moved less and less in fear of another Human attack. Eventually, in 1009 the camp was made legally made into a city called New Larion, although it was renamed Home as King Asgore chose that name in late 1010. Eventually, Asgore ordered the construction of the Home walls in 1014, although they wouldn't be completed until late 1028.

After the completion of the Home walls; Asgore decided that the Monsters would enter into an isolationist foreign policy, as people were banned from either leaving or entering the city of Home and its surrounding areas. Following the ban, the Kingdom of Monsters entered into an era of semi-stagnation, although some change started to slowly happen as Lords now had to compete for peasants as the peasant population collapsed during the war; with many Lords beginning to pay peasants for their work since protection wasn't enough for many peasants, with many of them threatening to leave their Lords land if they weren't compensated for their work, although many of them couldn't as they were serfs or were threatened with heavy punishment, such as fines, or even prision in some cases, although this became less common after the Carta Iura was signed.

The political system of the Kingdom of Monsters saw many radical changes as the old Larionian system could no longer be maintained, as many of the old bureaucrats had massively died off during the Human-Monster War. This led to the collapse of Larionian absolutism as many Lords now demanded further rights; with many of them beginning to call for a restoration of the Council of Ten, which existed during the Human-Monster War; this anger led to parts of the Royal Guard, supported by the Monster aristocracy; to attempt to overthrow King Asgore in 1215 in order to put a puppet monarch on the throne, although the coup attempt failed, it led to the singing of the Carta Iura as compromise as Asgore feared for further coup attempts; the Carta Iura reestablished the Council of Ten and added more members, now named the Royal Council, which now included many members of the Monster nobility such as the clergy, lords and other types of nobility; the Carta Iura also guaranteed fair trails to all residents of the Kingdom of Monsters, thanks to a clause added by Asgore himself; the Royal Council also gained de-facto control over taxations laws in 1359 after King Asgore suffered a health scare; the Royal Council would be dissolved in 1371 after various fights broke out between the nobility and commons, with them having to end up separated after two members of the council ended up dead after a fight broke out; after this many members of the Royal Council supported the separation; so on May 9, 1371 the Royal Council was dissolved and replaced by the upper House of Lords, which was made up of nobles and the lower House of Commons, which was made up of commoners who were mostly whealthy farmers and traders.

Religion also saw massive changes in the era as the Larionian Church transformed into the Angelican Christianity during this period, with the most important elements of Angelican Christianity appearing during this era such as the legend of the Angel; which prophesized about an angel who was seen the surface returning to the Underground and the Underground going empty, the Angelican Christianity church also coopted the Delta Rune as the symbol of the Angel during this era, with it also signifying the death of Monster paganism as most of its symbols were adapted by the Angelican church during the period.

Technological and mathematical advances during the period were many such as the printing press in 1440, which allowed books to be copied on a massive scale, allowing more people to read, staring a boom in the literacy rate; other inventions of the era also were the gun, which utilized gunpowder; mechanical clocks that helped to measure time as the sun could no longer be seen in the Underground; eyeglasses that allowed Monsters with poor sight to see more clearly; windmills that could be used for pumping water or grinding grain; and many other inventions.

The era came to an end as many of the Human-Monster War veterans died off causing newer Monster generations to fear Humanity less and less; with many of them questioning why the Monsters had to be locked up inside the Home walls, with many of them suggesting that the Home walls should be opened; the movement became popular with the younger aristocracy and merchants, as many of them saw possible riches in the other areas of the Underground; eventually, Lord Teddy Bates became leader of the anti-isolationist movement as he rallied parliament for expansionism; the movement would reach the highest point when Queen Toriel became a supporter, as she argued that Monsters would become stronger by starting trade with other areas of the Underground; overwhelmed by the movement eventually Asgore hired a group of twenty mercenaries and seventy former convicts led by Lord Teddy Bates himself to initiate contact with the nearby settlements; the group managed to initiate contact with Snowy tribes and even managed to convince the leader of the tribe, Sugnog to join the Kingdom of Monsters after a meeting with the King, the Queen and parliament; this was only the first expansion in the so-called Era of Expansion.

Era of Exploration
The era of exploration began in the year 1498, when Lord Dwight Eichmann proposed to open the Home Door. After more than 400 years there weren't any further Human attacks, which made isolation irrelevant. The proposal was put to a vote in the Royal Council and with a majority of 4 people, the vote passed.

Afterward. A team comprised of 10 people led by aspiring explorer Giovanni Martinelli, was created, to begin the exploration of the rest of the Underground. The team first found the natives of Snowdin and after a series of negotiations, they decided to join the Kingdom. Returning home from the Snowdin expedition, the explorers soon became legends in their own right. Whilst they were all beloved, one of them stood out. Giovanni Martinelli became the de-facto leader of the group, and once they returned he became the group's most celebrated member.

After the highly successful Snowdin expedition, the King and the Royal Council overwhelmingly approved of other expeditions. There were 30 expeditions in the coming 70 years. The results of this led to most of the Western Underground being united under the Kingdom of Monsters, with only the Southron Confederation being able to rival the Kingdom by the year 1569.

In the year 1569, after various years of rising tensions. The Southron Confederation declared war on the Kingdom of Monsters. The war was an easy victory for the Kingdom of Monsters, especially since many Southron joined the Monster side, which led to a civil war in the Southron Confederation, which helped the Monster achieve victory and unite the Southwestern Underground. The era also saw a resurgence in culture, in what would many call the renaissance, from painting to music, artists, would innovate in all possible ways, with many wanting to become the best artist of the entire Underground. The era's most noted works were those made by world-famous painter Alvise Colombo, who painted the era's most noted work the Giovanni Maria, being most renowned work in the history of the Underground.

The era would come to an end as the interest in expansion by the people and the Royal Council would come to an end, as many people felt that they had overextended, the last major act of expansion of the era was the Integration of the Empire of Helvetica in 1621. After this expansion would slow down, as settling people into the newly acquired lands was difficult, as roads to transport people and goods were few.

Bill of Rights and the Monster-Tokoagan War
In the year of 1672 King Asgore and Parliament passed the "Bill of Rights" sometimes referred to as the "Charter of Rights", was a bill that centered on "protecting liberty" and "preventing tyranny", in the late 1600s many felt that the king had way too much power, this added to the fact that Asgore was being near-deadly sick as Dr. W.D Gaster (Royal Scientist, and the King's personal doctor) would put it in an interview for the Home Times, thanks to this, Parliament got away on writing a bill that would "prevent any king/queen current or future from abusing his/her power anyway", the Bill of Rights asserted that:

The Bill of Rights was officially signed on May 23rd, 1672, the bill became quickly beloved by the lower classes of the Underground, who thought that they finally had representation in the government. The bill also cemented King Asgore's status as a protector of the people. Whilst most people loved the bill, the same could not be said for the Lords, who hated the bill due to according to Lord Scweight "This Bill hands away power from those who are enlighted, and puts it in the hands of the irresponsible, brutish, drunkard people" when the commentary reached the ears of the people, many demanded that Scweight resign or even some radicals proposed him to be executed. Lord Scweight was fired by the King in June 1673, never to be seen again.
 * 1) The power of suspending and executing laws rests in the hands of Parliament. That the pretended power of suspending the laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal.
 * 2) The Crown does not have the legal authority to dispense or execute laws. That the pretended power of dispensing with laws or the execution of laws by regal authority, as it hath been assumed and exercised of late, is illegal.
 * 3) The imposition of any taxes by the Crown without the permission of Parliament is illegal. That levying of money for or to the use of the Crown by pretence of prerogative, without grant of Parliament, for longer time, or in other manner than the same is or shall be granted, is illegal. (King Asgore still had the power to levy or remove taxes without the consent of Parliament)
 * 4) The citizens have the right to petition the king without fear of repercussions. That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king, and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal.
 * 5) A standing army at peacetime without the consent of Parliament is illegal. That the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of Parliament, is against law.
 * 6) All Monsters have the right to bear arms for defence. These the subjects which are Monsters may have arms for their defence suitable to their conditions and as allowed by law.
 * 7) Parliament should be freely elected. That election of members of Parliament ought to be free.
 * 8) Members of Parliament have the freedom of speech and their proceedings should not be questioned in any place outside of Parliament. That the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Parliament.
 * 9) Bail fees, excessive fines, and unusual punishments are illegal. That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
 * 10) All trials now require the presence of jurors and all jurors for trials of high treason must be land owners. That jurors ought to be duly impanelled and returned, and jurors which pass upon men in trials for high treason ought to be freeholders.
 * 11) It is illegal to fine or seize the property of any person who has not been convicted and all previous fines and seizures are void. That all grants and promises of fines and forfeitures of particular persons before conviction are illegal and void.
 * 12) Parliament should be held frequently to uphold the laws. And that for redress of all grievances, and for the amending, strengthening and preserving of the laws, Parliaments ought to be held frequently.

The era also saw the rise of the Enlightenment, which was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the Underground in the 17th and 18th centuries with global influences and effects. The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on the value of human happiness, the pursuit of knowledge obtained by means of reason and the evidence of the senses, and ideals such as liberty, progress, toleration, fraternity, and constitutional government.

The era also saw the rise of the Scientific Revolution which was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including monster anatomy), and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature. The Scientific Revolution took place in the Underground starting towards the end of the Renaissance period, with the 1543 Renart Jonaruis publication De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) often cited as its beginning.

The era of the Scientific Renaissance focused to some degree on recovering the knowledge of the ancients and is considered to have culminated in the 1687 W.D Gaster publication Principia which formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, thereby completing the synthesis of a new cosmology. The subsequent Age of Enlightenment saw the concept of a scientific revolution emerge in the 18th-century work of Jean Sylvain Bailly, who described a two-stage process of sweeping away the old and establishing the new. There continues to be scholarly engagement regarding the boundaries of the Scientific Revolution and its chronology.

The era's most defining conflict was that of the Tokoagan War, which lasted from 1673 to 1676. The war was initially a civil war within Tokoaga. The two sides of the war were the Republicans, led by Kaneshiro Yuichi, who many considered a cruel figure, many of his acts even made his die-hard supporters disgusted. The other side was the Royalists, led by Prince Rupert of the Rhine, many Tokoagans joined the Royalists as a way to escape the tyranny of Kaneshiro Yuichi, thanks to the insanity of Kaneshiro Yuichi, who declared King Asgore a terrorist, and someone who, if he managed to capture him, execute him. This led to a full-on intervention by the Kingdom of Monsters, despite the apparent collapse of Yuchi's popular support, many still fought for him, making the war a stalemate, until the Kingdom of Monsters and its Royalist allies brought in Human-Monster War veteran and experienced General, Gerson Boom. Gerson managed to turn the tide of the war and lead the Kingdom of Monsters and its Royalist allies to victory, the war would be won in the Battle of Tokoaga, which was the capital of the Commonwealth of Tokoaga, after the battle the Republicans would officially surrender on October 23rd, 1676. This would be last war in the History of the Underground, as the Empire of Bode would join the Kingdom of Monster s peacefully, after the death of Emperor Julis Uiaja, thus fully the entirety of the Underground.

After the collapse of the Commonwealth of Tokoaga, Tokoaga would become a protectorate of the Kingdom of Monsters, and eventually join as a state after signing the Great Reform Act of 1892. Post-War Tokoaga was plagued with many issues, such as a Republican Insurgency and the collapse of the local economy after years of war, despite this, the region would be back to pre-war productivity by the year 1783.

Industrial Revolution and The Great Reform Act
. In 1712, Dr. W.D. Gaster invented the steam engine, originally meant to be used to clear water from flooded mines. This was a result of monsters moving from wood to coal as their main fuel source, the steam engine would be improved by Norman Row in 1775. The effects of the steam engine cannot be underestimated, with the invention of the steam engine freeing manufacturers from the need to locate their factories on or near sources of water power, leading to large enterprises beginning to concentrate in rapidly growing industrial cities.

During the Early 1750's, the House of Commons was deadlocked and were unable to pass any bills or laws during this period of time. In order to end the deadlock, the House of Commons drafted the House of Commons Act in 1754. The act created the office of Prime Minister, which was intended to guide the House of Commons. It was officially created in February of 1754 after King Asgore and Parliament signed the act into law. The position was vacant until May until then Royal Guard Chief Gerson Boom became the very first PM, after the Commons and Asgore agreed making Gerson Boom into the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Monsters.

The era also saw the heyday of the Second Agricultural Revolution, which saw the rapid increase of labor and land productivity between the mid-17th and late 19th centuries. Agricultural output grew faster than the population over the hundred-year period ending in 1770. This increase in the food supply contributed to the rapid growth of the population in Underground from 1 Million in 1700 to 9 Million in 1800 and 34 Million by 1900. Using 1700 as a base year (=100), agricultural output per agricultural worker in the Underground steadily increased from about 50 in 1500 to around 65 in 1550, to 90 in 1600, to over 100 by 1650, to over 150 by 1750, rapidly increasing to over 250 by 1850. The rise in productivity accelerated the decline of the agricultural share of the labor force, adding to the urban workforce on which industrialization depended: the Agricultural Revolution has therefore been cited as a cause of the Industrial Revolution.

The Industrial Revolution also saw many technological changes, such as the steam locomotive, which helped to transport people and goods across long distances, this helped in the settlement of the eastern Underground, with the population growing exponentially, with the East becoming ever more connected with the rest of the Underground in the 1800s. Many important discoveries were also made during this era, here's a list of the most important inventions during the Industrial Revolution:


 * The steam engine (1712) (used to power steam locomotives, steamboats, steamships, and machines in factories)


 * The spinning jenny (1764)


 * Electric generators and electric motors (1834)


 * The incandescent lamp (light bulb) (1879)


 * The Telegraph (1843) and telephone (1876)


 * The internal-combustion engine and gas train (1860)

and many others...

All of this revolutionized society in one way or another, the spinning jenny, for example, allowed more threads and yarns to be produced by fewer spinners. The early spinning jenny also produced a weaker thread than could be produced by hand so there was a decrease in quality until improvements were made to the machines and a dependable power source became available. With the use of water to power later versions of spinning and weaving machinery, the quality and strength of the cloth produced were greatly improved. While many factors in the Underground, including the availability of workers along with the increased demand for textiles, produced ideal conditions for the economic growth of the textile industry, without the invention of the spinning jenny, progress would have continued at a much slower pace. Whilst the telegraph revolutionized long-distance communication, with messages being able to be sent nearly instantaneously, but with the drawback that a telegraphist was required to read and translate the Morse code in the recipient's language. This was solved with the invention of the telephone in 1876 by Hannibal Crawford, which allowed people to converse over long distances, thus removing the need for a telegraphist. The telephone would become very popular in the 20th century, with 78% of all households having a telephone by 1970.

The Industrial Revolution shifted from an agrarian economy to a manufacturing economy where products were no longer made solely by hand but by machines. This led to increased production and efficiency, lower prices, more goods, improved wages, and migration from rural areas to urban areas. Whilst this was good, the Industrial Revolution also saw many cases of exploitation of the workers, as poor workers were often housed in cramped, grossly inadequate quarters. Working conditions were difficult and exposed employees to many risks and dangers, including cramped work areas with poor ventilation, trauma from machinery, and toxic exposures to heavy metals, dust, and solvents. This exploitation led to the creation of Communism, as 19th-century socialist critics blamed capitalism for the misery of the proletariat—a new class of urban factory workers who labored under often-hazardous conditions, the movement would rise after the publishing of The Communist Manifesto by Cassian Walker in 1848, Walker would also publish The Capital in 1867, the two becoming his two most renowned and popular works, only being outsold by the Bible. He would be one of the founding members of the Communist League of the Underground, with Gerardo Ferrera and Werner Stauss, the CLU would become popular with the lower classes of the Underground, as many wanted better treatment by their bosses, this led eventually to the Revolts of 1872, in which many workers attempted to form Communes in their cities, the most famous and widespread being the Industria Revolt, in which workers overthrew the corporate town which was in the modern Industria area, and proclaimed the Industria Commune on May 1, 1871. The Commune's success was shortlived as the companies had called units of the Royal Guard and their private security forces to disband the Commune, the Industria Commune was disbanded on May 13, 1871, and its leaders were arrested, but as many other towns revolted, parliament had decided to take action and passed the 1872 Labor Relations Act, the act legalized strikes, allowed the creation of unions and created the Royal Labour Relations Board or RLBR, but the bill also outlawed the Communist League of the Underground and other Socialist organizations, such as the Socialist Party of the Underground, but it also outlawed Social Democratic organizations, many of whom had commended the riots and called for a solution in the ballot box. Despite this the bill calmed down the workers and helped in the decrease in the support of Communism, but things would start the heat up in the mid-1880s.

On May 29, 1885, Inspired by the Communist and Socialist movement in the previous decade, the Women's Rights Association organized the Home March to protest the gender roles enforced by the Kingdom of Monsters. The Women's Rights Association had been founded by women who had been inspired by the events of the strikes of the 1870s and wanted to further promote women's rights. The march was comprised of 100,000 marchers and 220,000 spectators. The Home March would go down in history as a success, as it was well-organized, and peaceful and brought a wave of change to Home. They fought for the right to vote and the right to work, among other things. Protesters organized to march again in the following year with the March for our Rights, a march directed towards granting women these rights in Sunrise City. The protest gathered a crowd of 320,000 women who marched peacefully in the streets of Sunrise City with men refusing to interfere.

The 1886 election ended with a Liberal Victory, with the Liberals winning 272 seats in the election, and Colin Corbyn became Prime Minister. Corbyn's attention was directed toward addressing the growing suffragette movement, a coalition of women's rights activists who were organizing for political, legal, and social equality for women, and the exploitation of the workers. The Tories had passed laws that had previously marginalized workers and were seen to not do much to help them win fair working wages or improve their working conditions. Many Liberals felt that they could help the workers with better welfare reforms and more legislation. The most pressing concern was the working conditions of the working classes of the Underground in the factories and coal mines, which were said to be atrocious due to managerial mishandling. One of the first things that Corbyn did as Prime Minister was pass the 1886 Democracy Act, which legalized Communist and Socialist organizations as part of a political Liberalization proposed by Deputy PM Jackson Barker. After their legalization many of the Socialist and Communist organizations merged to create the Labour Party, which was officially created on May 1, 1891. The 1890 election was another Liberal Victory, with the Liberals winning 392 seats in the election. Labour had had its first 12 MPs elected. After winning the 1890 election by a landslide, many Liberals began supporting a bill called the Great Reform Act, which would address many of the concerns of the working classes of the Underground. The act was finalized in late 1891 after a long revision process was put to the House of Commons on October 1891, it passed with ease by a majority vote in Commons but was vetoed by the House of Lords, which considered it too radical, attempts to water down the bill were proposed but most Liberals wanted the full version of Bill without any compromises to pass, The Bill stalled for about a year, when King Asgore in what many called a surprise threatened to pack to the House of Lords with Liberal lords, after accepting that any future attempts to stop The Great Reform Act would be thwarted by Asgore, the House Of Lords voted for royal ascension for The Great Reform Act on November 1, 1892. The Great Reform Act affected all 28 million people living in the Underground, as many were given new found freedoms and rights. The clauses of the bill are as follows:

After the passing of the Great Reform Act, the rest of Corbyn's term was spent organizing the new Cabinet Positions, and in helping to raise support for the Liberals in the first gubernatorial and state parliament elections, this didn't go well for Corbyn, as many of the new Governors would be from the new Labour Party, as many saw them as a fresh alternative of the two-party system of the Liberals and the Conservatives. Corbyn and the Liberals would lose the 1896 election to the Teddy Roosevelt and the Labour Party, the first two years of the Abernathy administration would be at first quite calm, but it all would change in the start of the next century.
 * 1) All women are allowed to vote now
 * 2) The power of the House of Lords has been reduced significantly
 * 3) The Creation of a System of States which shall have a “governor who has been elected freely and fairly”, which can enact their laws as long as they are constitutional
 * 4) All company shall be merged into a new state “Industria”
 * 5) If a bill is vetoed more than five times in the House Of Lords, the bill shall now be put to a national plebiscite (this was added in at request of Corbyn)
 * 6) The cleaning up of boroughs that are “way to small to be justified”
 * 7) The capital city of the Kingdom of Monsters, shall now be an autonomous federal district, which shall have powers similar to that of the states mentioned above (later moved to New Home in 2010)
 * 8) All voters shall be registered now
 * 9) All “bought votes” shall be punishable by up to five years in prison
 * 10) The Cabinet shall be divided now into “Departments/Secretaries/Offices” which are as follows:
 * The Department of Energy (abolished in 1951)
 * The Department of Justice (Royal Justice appointed by the King/Queen)
 * The Department of War (In charge of the Royal Guard, Royal Capitan appointed by the King/Queen)
 * The Department of Labour
 * The Department of Agriculture
 * The Department of Health and Monster Services
 * The Department of Housing and Urban Development
 * The Department of Education
 * The Department of Human-Monster affairs (established in 2010)
 * The Department of Technology (established in 1969)
 * The Office Of Civil Defense (established in 1953)