User:Obummer/sandbox

The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 6, 2018, during President Donald Trump's term, with early voting taking place in some states in the weeks preceding that date. Voters chose representatives from all 435 congressional districts across each of the 50 U.S. states. Non-voting delegates from the District of Columbia and four of the five inhabited U.S. territories were also elected. On Election Day, Republicans had held a House majority since January 2011.

In the 2018 elections, the Democrats, led by Nancy Pelosi, won control of the House. The Democrats gained a net total of 41 seats from the total number of seats they had won in the 2016 elections. The 41-seat gain was the Democrats' largest gain of House seats since the post-Watergate 1974 elections, when they picked up 49 seats.

Upon the opening of the 116th United States Congress, Pelosi was elected as Speaker of the House. Incumbent Republican House Speaker Paul Ryan chose not to run for another term. In November 2018, House Republicans elected Kevin McCarthy as House Minority Leader.

Federal
The Democratic Party won control of the House of Representatives in the 2018 midterm elections. The Democrats gained a net total of 41 seats from the total number of seats they had won in the 2016 elections. This was their largest gain of House seats in an election since the 1974 elections, when the Democrats gained 49 House seats. Democrats won the popular vote by more than 9.7 million votes or 8.6%, the largest midterm margin for any party and the largest margin on record for a minority party.

According to the Associated Press' statistical analysis, gerrymandering cost the Democrats an additional sixteen House seats from Republicans.

Voter turnout in this election was 50.3%, the highest turnout in a U.S. midterm election since 1914.

Note that the results summary does not include blank and over/under votes which were included in the official results or votes cast in the voided election in North Carolina's 9th congressional district.



Retirements
In the November general elections, fifty-four incumbents did not seek re-election, either to retire or to seek other positions.

Democrats
Eighteen Democrats did not seek re-election.
 * 1) AZ's 9th congressional district: Kyrsten Sinema retired to run for U.S. Senator.
 * 2) CO's 2nd congressional district: Jared Polis retired to run for Governor of Colorado.
 * 3) CT's 5th congressional district: Elizabeth Esty retired after involvement in sexual harassment allegations against an employee.
 * 4) HI's 1st congressional district: Colleen Hanabusa retired to run for Governor of Hawaii.
 * 5) IL's 4th congressional district: Luis Gutiérrez retired.
 * 6) MD's 6th congressional district: John Delaney retired to run for U.S. President.
 * 7) MA's 3rd congressional district: Niki Tsongas retired.
 * 8) MI's 9th congressional district: Sander Levin retired.
 * 9) MN's 1st congressional district: Tim Walz retired to run for Governor of Minnesota.
 * 10) MN's 5th congressional district: Keith Ellison retired to run for Minnesota Attorney General.
 * 11) MN's 8th congressional district: Rick Nolan retired.
 * 12) NV's 3rd congressional district: Jacky Rosen retired to run for U.S. Senator.
 * 13) NV's 4th congressional district: Rubén Kihuen retired due to sexual harassment allegations.
 * 14) NH's 1st congressional district: Carol Shea-Porter retired.
 * 15) NM's 1st congressional district: Michelle Lujan Grisham retired to run for Governor of New Mexico.
 * 16) PA's 2nd congressional district: Bob Brady retired after being redistricted from the 1st district.
 * 17) TX's 16th congressional district: Beto O'Rourke retired to run for U.S. Senator.
 * 18) TX's 29th congressional district: Gene Green retired.

Republicans
Thirty-seven Republicans did not seek re-election.


 * 1) AZ's 2nd congressional district: Martha McSally retired to run for U.S. Senator.
 * 2) CA's 39th congressional district: Ed Royce retired.
 * 3) CA's 49th congressional district: Darrell Issa retired, appointed by President Donald Trump to be the Director of the United States Trade and Development Agency.
 * 4) FL's 6th congressional district: Ron DeSantis resigned to run for Governor of Florida.
 * 5) FL's 15th congressional district: Dennis Ross retired.
 * 6) FL's 17th congressional district: Tom Rooney retired.
 * 7) FL's 27th congressional district: Ileana Ros-Lehtinen retired.
 * 8) ID's 1st congressional district: Raúl Labrador retired to run for Governor of Idaho.
 * 9) IN's 4th congressional district: Todd Rokita retired to run for U.S. Senator.
 * 10) IN's 6th congressional district: Luke Messer retired to run for U.S. Senator.
 * 11) KS's 2nd congressional district: Lynn Jenkins retired.
 * 12) MI's 11th congressional district: Dave Trott retired.
 * 13) MS's 3rd congressional district: Gregg Harper retired.
 * 14) NJ's 2nd congressional district: Frank LoBiondo retired "due to the increased political polarization of Congress."
 * 15) NJ's 11th congressional district: Rodney Frelinghuysen retired.
 * 16) NM's 2nd congressional district: Steve Pearce retired to run for Governor of New Mexico.
 * 17) ND At-large: Kevin Cramer retired to run for U.S. Senator.
 * 18) OH's 16th congressional district: Jim Renacci retired to run for U.S. Senator.
 * 19) OK's 1st congressional district: Jim Bridenstine announced his retirement November 10, 2017. He resigned April 23, 2018, after being confirmed as Administrator of NASA; his replacement was seated November 6, 2018.
 * 20) PA's 6th congressional district: Ryan Costello retired due to "family, the political environment and redistricting."
 * 21) PA's 9th congressional district: Lou Barletta, redistricted from the 11th district, retired to run for U.S. Senator.
 * 22) PA's 13th congressional district: Bill Shuster retired when redistricted from the 9th district.
 * 23) SC's 4th congressional district: Trey Gowdy retired to "return to the justice system."
 * 24) SD At-large: Kristi Noem retired to run for Governor of South Dakota.
 * 25) TN's 2nd congressional district: Jimmy Duncan retired.
 * 26) TN's 6th congressional district: Diane Black retired to run for Governor of Tennessee.
 * 27) TN's 7th congressional district: Marsha Blackburn retired to run for U.S. Senator.
 * 28) TX's 2nd congressional district: Ted Poe retired.
 * 29) TX's 3rd congressional district: Sam Johnson retired.
 * 30) TX's 5th congressional district: Jeb Hensarling retired.
 * 31) TX's 6th congressional district: Joe Barton retired.
 * 32) TX's 21st congressional district: Lamar Smith retired.
 * 33) VA's 5th congressional district: Tom Garrett retired due to alcoholism.
 * 34) VA's 6th congressional district: Bob Goodlatte retired.
 * 35) WA's 8th congressional district: Dave Reichert retired.
 * 36) WV's 3rd congressional district: Evan Jenkins retired to run for U.S. Senator and then resigned to become State Supreme Court Justice.
 * 37) WI's 1st congressional district: Paul Ryan retired.

Resignations and death
Four seats opened early due to resignations or death and were not filled until the November elections.

Democrats
One Democrat resigned and one died.
 * 1) MI's 13th congressional district: John Conyers resigned. Brenda Jones won the special election to complete Conyers's term.
 * 2) NY's 25th congressional district: Louise Slaughter died.

Republicans
Two Republicans resigned.
 * 1) PA's 5th congressional district: Pat Meehan resigned when redistricted from the 7th district.
 * 2) PA's 7th congressional district: Charlie Dent resigned when redistricted from the 15th district.

Democrats
Three Democrats (including one non-voting delegate) lost renomination.


 * 1) GU At-large: Delegate Madeleine Bordallo lost renomination to Michael San Nicolas, who then won the general election.
 * 2) MA's 7th congressional district: Mike Capuano lost renomination to Ayanna Pressley, who then won the general election.
 * 3) NY's 14th congressional district: Joe Crowley lost renomination to Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, who then won the general election.

Republicans
Two Republicans lost renomination.


 * 1) NC's 9th congressional district: Robert Pittenger lost renomination to Mark Harris. A new special election was ordered due to electoral fraud conducted by associates of Republican Harris's campaign.
 * 2) SC's 1st congressional district: Mark Sanford lost renomination to Katie Arrington, who then lost the general election to Joe Cunningham (D).

Democrats
No Democrats lost re-election to Republicans.

Republicans
Thirty Republicans lost re-election to Democrats.


 * 1) CA's 10th congressional district: Jeff Denham (first elected in 2010) lost to Josh Harder.
 * 2) CA's 21st congressional district: David Valadao (first elected in 2012) lost to TJ Cox.
 * 3) CA's 25th congressional district: Steve Knight (first elected in 2014) lost to Katie Hill.
 * 4) CA's 45th congressional district: Mimi Walters (first elected in 2014) lost to Katie Porter.
 * 5) CA's 48th congressional district: Dana Rohrabacher (first elected in 1988) lost to Harley Rouda.
 * 6) CO's 6th congressional district: Mike Coffman (first elected in 2008) lost to Jason Crow.
 * 7) FL's 26th congressional district: Carlos Curbelo (first elected in 2014) lost to Debbie Mucarsel-Powell.
 * 8) GA's 6th congressional district: Karen Handel (first elected in 2017) lost to Lucy McBath.
 * 9) IL's 6th congressional district: Peter Roskam (first elected in 2006) lost to Sean Casten.
 * 10) IL's 14th congressional district: Randy Hultgren (first elected in 2010) lost to Lauren Underwood.
 * 11) IA's 1st congressional district: Rod Blum (first elected in 2014) lost to Abby Finkenauer.
 * 12) IA's 3rd congressional district: David Young (first elected in 2014) lost to Cindy Axne.
 * 13) KS's 3rd congressional district: Kevin Yoder (first elected in 2010) lost to Sharice Davids.
 * 14) ME's 2nd congressional district: Bruce Poliquin (first elected in 2014) lost to Jared Golden.
 * 15) MI's 8th congressional district: Mike Bishop (first elected in 2014) lost to Elissa Slotkin.
 * 16) MN's 2nd congressional district: Jason Lewis (first elected in 2016) lost to Angie Craig.
 * 17) MN's 3rd congressional district: Erik Paulsen (first elected in 2008) lost to Dean Phillips.
 * 18) NJ's 3rd congressional district: Tom MacArthur (first elected in 2014) lost to Andy Kim.
 * 19) NJ's 7th congressional district: Leonard Lance (first elected in 2008) lost to Tom Malinowski.
 * 20) NY's 11th congressional district: Dan Donovan (first elected in 2015) lost to Max Rose.
 * 21) NY's 19th congressional district: John Faso (first elected in 2016) lost to Antonio Delgado.
 * 22) NY's 22nd congressional district: Claudia Tenney (first elected in 2016) lost to Anthony Brindisi.
 * 23) OK's 5th congressional district: Steve Russell (first elected in 2014) lost to Kendra Horn.
 * 24) PA's 17th congressional district: Keith Rothfus (first elected in 2012) lost a redistricting race to Conor Lamb.
 * 25) TX's 7th congressional district: John Culberson (first elected in 2000) lost to Lizzie Fletcher.
 * 26) TX's 32nd congressional district: Pete Sessions (first elected in 1996) lost to Colin Allred.
 * 27) UT's 4th congressional district: Mia Love (first elected in 2014) lost to Ben McAdams.
 * 28) VA's 2nd congressional district: Scott Taylor (first elected in 2016) lost to Elaine Luria.
 * 29) VA's 7th congressional district: Dave Brat (first elected in 2014) lost to Abigail Spanberger.
 * 30) VA's 10th congressional district: Barbara Comstock (first elected in 2014) lost to Jennifer Wexton.

Democratic seats won by Republicans
Three Democratic seats were won by Republicans.
 * 1) MN's 1st congressional district: Won by Jim Hagedorn.
 * 2) MN's 8th congressional district: Won by Pete Stauber.
 * 3) PA's 14th congressional district: Conor Lamb instead ran in the 17th district. Won by Guy Reschenthaler.

Republican seats won by Democrats
Thirteen Republican seats were won by Democrats.
 * 1) AZ's 2nd congressional district: Won by Ann Kirkpatrick.
 * 2) CA's 39th congressional district: Won by Gil Cisneros.
 * 3) CA's 49th congressional district: Won by Mike Levin.
 * 4) FL's 27th congressional district: Won by Donna Shalala.
 * 5) MI's 11th congressional district: Won by Haley Stevens.
 * 6) NJ's 2nd congressional district: Won by Jeff Van Drew, who became a Republican on December 19, 2019.
 * 7) NJ's 11th congressional district: Won by Mikie Sherrill.
 * 8) NM's 2nd congressional district: Won by Xochitl Torres Small.
 * 9) PA's 5th congressional district: Won by Mary Gay Scanlon.
 * 10) PA's 6th congressional district: Won by Chrissy Houlahan.
 * 11) PA's 7th congressional district: Won by Susan Wild.
 * 12) SC's 1st congressional district: Won by Joe Cunningham.
 * 13) WA's 8th congressional district: Won by Kim Schrier.

Democratic seats held by Democrats
Democrats held nineteen of their open seats.
 * 1) AZ's 9th congressional district: Won by Greg Stanton.
 * 2) CO's 2nd congressional district: Won by Joe Neguse.
 * 3) CT's 5th congressional district: Won by Jahana Hayes.
 * 4) HI's 1st congressional district: Won by Ed Case.
 * 5) IL's 4th congressional district: Won by Chuy García.
 * 6) MD's 6th congressional district: Won by David Trone.
 * 7) MA's 3rd congressional district: Won by Lori Trahan.
 * 8) MI's 9th congressional district: Won by Andy Levin.
 * 9) MI's 13th congressional district: Won by Rashida Tlaib.
 * 10) MN's 5th congressional district: Won by Ilhan Omar.
 * 11) NV's 3rd congressional district: Won by Susie Lee.
 * 12) NV's 4th congressional district: Won by Steven Horsford.
 * 13) NH's 1st congressional district: Won by Chris Pappas.
 * 14) NM's 1st congressional district: Won by Deb Haaland.
 * 15) NY's 25th congressional district: Won by Joe Morelle.
 * 16) PA's 2nd congressional district: Bob Brady retired. Won By Brendan Boyle.
 * 17) PA's 4th congressional district: Brendan Boyle ran in PA's 2nd congressional district. Won by Madeleine Dean.
 * 18) TX's 16th congressional district: Won by Veronica Escobar.
 * 19) TX's 29th congressional district: Won by Sylvia Garcia.

Republican seats held by Republicans
Republicans held twenty-eight of their open seats.
 * 1) FL's 6th congressional district: Won by Michael Waltz.
 * 2) FL's 15th congressional district: Won by Ross Spano.
 * 3) FL's 17th congressional district: Won by Greg Steube.
 * 4) ID's 1st congressional district: Won by Russ Fulcher.
 * 5) IN's 4th congressional district: Won by Jim Baird.
 * 6) IN's 6th congressional district: Won by Greg Pence.
 * 7) KS's 2nd congressional district: Won by Steve Watkins.
 * 8) MS's 3rd congressional district: Won by Michael Guest.
 * 9) ND At-large: Won by Kelly Armstrong.
 * 10) OH's 16th congressional district: Won by Anthony Gonzalez.
 * 11) OK's 1st congressional district: Won by Kevin Hern.
 * 12) PA's 9th congressional district: Won by Dan Meuser.
 * 13) PA's 13th congressional district: Won by John Joyce.
 * 14) SC's 4th congressional district: Won by William Timmons.
 * 15) SD At-large: Won by Dusty Johnson.
 * 16) TN's 2nd congressional district: Won by Tim Burchett.
 * 17) TN's 6th congressional district: Won by John Rose.
 * 18) TN's 7th congressional district: Won by Mark Green.
 * 19) TX's 2nd congressional district: Won by Dan Crenshaw.
 * 20) TX's 3rd congressional district: Won by Van Taylor.
 * 21) TX's 5th congressional district: Won by Lance Gooden.
 * 22) TX's 6th congressional district: Won by Ron Wright.
 * 23) TX's 21st congressional district: Won by Chip Roy.
 * 24) VA's 5th congressional district: Won by Denver Riggleman.
 * 25) VA's 6th congressional district: Won by Ben Cline.
 * 26) WV's 3rd congressional district: Won by Carol Miller.
 * 27) WI's 1st congressional district: Won by Bryan Steil.

Resignations
Three other members announced their retirements but then resigned early before their terms ended.


 * 1) TX's 27th congressional district: Blake Farenthold (R) announced his retirement December 14, 2017. He resigned on April 6, 2018. His seat was filled by a special election for the remainder of the term.
 * 2) UT's 3rd congressional district: Jason Chaffetz (R) announced his retirement April 19, 2017. He resigned on June 30, 2017. His seat was filled by a special election for the remainder of the term.
 * 3) WV's 3rd congressional district: Evan Jenkins (R) announced his retirement May 8, 2017 to run for U.S. Senator. He lost the nomination and then resigned September 30, 2018, when appointed to the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia. His seat was not filled until the regular election for the next congress.

Closest races
In eighty-nine races, the margin of victory was under 10%.

Special elections
Elections ordered by election date.

! PA's 18th congressional district
 * Tim Murphy
 * 2002
 * data-sort-value=03/13/2018 | Incumbent resigned October 21, 2017. New member elected March 13, 2018. Democratic gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Conor Lamb (Democratic) 49.9%
 * nowrap | ✅ Conor Lamb (Democratic) 49.9%

Rick Saccone (Republican) 49.5%

! AZ's 8th congressional district
 * Trent Franks
 * 2002
 * data-sort-value=04/24/2018 | Incumbent resigned December 8, 2017. New member elected April 24, 2018. Republican hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Debbie Lesko (Republican) 52.4%
 * nowrap | ✅ Debbie Lesko (Republican) 52.4%

Hiral Tipirneni (Democratic) 47.6%

! TX's 27th congressional district
 * Blake Farenthold
 * 2010
 * data-sort-value=06/30/2018 | Incumbent resigned April 6, 2018. New member elected June 30, 2018. Republican hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Michael Cloud (Republican) 54.7%
 * nowrap | ✅ Michael Cloud (Republican) 54.7%

Eric Holguin (Democratic) 32.0%

Roy Barrera (Democratic) 4.8%

Bech Bruun (Republican) 4.3%

Mike Westergren (Democratic) 2.4%

! OH's 12th congressional district
 * Pat Tiberi
 * 2000
 * data-sort-value=08/07/2018 | Incumbent resigned January 15, 2018. New member elected August 7, 2018. Republican hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Troy Balderson (Republican) 50.1%
 * nowrap | ✅ Troy Balderson (Republican) 50.1%

Danny O'Connor (Democratic) 49.3%

! MI's 13th congressional district
 * John Conyers
 * 1964
 * data-sort-value=11/06/2018 | Incumbent resigned December 5, 2017. New member elected November 6, 2018. Democratic hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Brenda Jones (Democratic) 86.9%
 * nowrap | ✅ Brenda Jones (Democratic) 86.9%

Marc Sosnowski (Taxpayers) 8.9%

D. Etta Wilcoxon (Green) 4.3%

! NY's 25th congressional district
 * Louise Slaughter
 * 1986
 * data-sort-value=11/06/2018 | Incumbent died March 16, 2018. New member elected November 6, 2018. Democratic hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Joseph Morelle (Democratic) 58.3%
 * nowrap | ✅ Joseph Morelle (Democratic) 58.3%

Jim Maxwell (Republican) 41.7%

! PA's 7th congressional district
 * Pat Meehan
 * 2010
 * data-sort-value=11/06/2018 | Incumbent resigned April 27, 2018. New member elected November 6, 2018. Democratic gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Mary Gay Scanlon (Democratic) 52.3%
 * nowrap | ✅ Mary Gay Scanlon (Democratic) 52.3%

Pearl Kim (Republican) 46.0%

Sandra Teresa Salas (Libertarian) 1.0%

! PA's 15th congressional district
 * Charlie Dent
 * 2004
 * data-sort-value=11/06/2018 | Incumbent resigned May 12, 2018. New member elected November 6, 2018. Democratic gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Susan Wild (Democratic) 48.5%
 * nowrap | ✅ Susan Wild (Democratic) 48.5%

Marty Nothstein (Republican) 48.3%

Tim Silfies (Libertarian) 3.2%


 * }

Voter demographics
Source: Edison Research exit poll for the National Election Pool

Election dates
For the regularly scheduled November elections.

Alabama
The state congressional delegation remained the same, at 6–1 for Republicans.

Alaska
Republicans maintained control of the sole seat in the state.

Arizona
The state congressional delegation flipped from a 5–4 Republican majority to a 5–4 Democratic majority.

Arkansas
The state congressional delegation remained the same with a 4–0 Republican majority.

California
The Democratic majority increased from 39–14 to 46–7.

Colorado
The state congressional delegation flipped from a 4–3 Republican majority to a 4–3 Democratic majority.

Connecticut
The state congressional delegation remained unchanged at 5–0 Democrats.

Delaware
Democrats retained control of the sole seat in the state.

Florida
The Republican majority was reduced from 16–11 to 14–13.

Georgia
The Republican majority was reduced from 10–4 to 9–5.

Hawaii
Hawaii maintained its 2-0 Democratic hold.

Idaho
Idaho maintained its 2-0 Republican hold.

Illinois
The Democratic majority increased from 11–7 to 13–5.

Indiana
The Republican majority remained at 7–2.

Iowa
Iowa's delegation flipped from a 3–1 Republican majority to a 3–1 Democratic majority.

Kansas
The Republican majority slipped from 4–0 to 3–1.

Kentucky
Republicans maintained their 5–1 majority.

Louisiana
All incumbents were re-elected, and Republicans maintained their 5–1 majority.

Maine
The 1–1 tie became a 2–0 Democratic hold. This was the first use of ranked choice voting to decide a House race.

Maryland
Democrats maintained their 7–1 majority.

Massachusetts
Democrats maintained their 9–0 hold.

Michigan
The delegation flipped from a 9–5 Republican majority to a 7–7 split.

Minnesota
Although half of the seats switched parties, Democrats maintained the same 5–3 majority.

Mississippi
The Republicans maintained their 3-1 majority in the state.

Missouri
The Republicans maintained their 6-2 seat majority.

Montana
Republicans maintained control of the lone house seat.

Nebraska
Republicans maintained their 3-0 majority.

Nevada
Democrats maintained their 3-1 majority.

New Hampshire
The Democrats maintained control of both house seats.

New Jersey
The state congressional delegation changed from 7–5 for Democrats to 11–1 for Democrats.

New Mexico
The state congressional delegation changed from 2–1 for Democrats to all 3 seats controlled by Democrats.

New York
Democrats increased their seat majority in New York's congressional delegation from 18–9 to 21–6.

North Carolina
Due to allegations of electoral fraud, the 116th Congress was sworn in with one seat vacant. On February 21, 2019, a new election was ordered by the state election board.

North Dakota
Republicans maintained control of the sole house seat.

Ohio
The state congressional delegation remained the same at 12–4 for Republicans.

Oklahoma
The state congressional delegation changed from 5–0 for Republicans to a 4–1 Republican majority.

Oregon
The state congressional delegation remained the same, with a 4–1 Democratic majority.

Pennsylvania
As a result of changes in the congressional map, the state congressional delegation changed from a 13–5 Republican majority to a 9–9 split.

Rhode Island
The state congressional delegation remained unchanged at 2–0 for Democrats.

South Carolina
The state congressional delegation changed from 6–1 for Republicans to 5–2 for Republicans.

South Dakota
Republicans retained control of the sole seat in the state.

Tennessee
Republicans maintained their 7-2 seat majority.

Texas
The state congressional delegation changed from a 25–11 Republican majority to a 23–13 Republican majority.

Utah
The state congressional delegation changed from 4–0 for Republicans to a 3–1 Republican majority.

Vermont
The Democrats maintained control of the sole seat in the state.

Virginia
The state congressional delegation flipped from a 7–4 Republican majority to a 7–4 Democratic majority.

Washington
Democrats increased their seat majority from 6–4 to 7–3.

West Virginia
The state congressional delegation remained the same at 3–0 for Republicans.

Wisconsin
Republicans maintained their 5-3 seat majority.

Wyoming
Republicans maintained control of the sole seat in the state.

Northern Mariana Islands
The election for a non-voting delegate from the Northern Mariana Islands was postponed until Tuesday, November 13, 2018 due to the impact of Typhoon Yutu.

Puerto Rico
The Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico is not up for re-election until 2020. Currently held by Republican Jenniffer González, who was first elected in 2016, the Resident Commissioner is the only member of the United States House of Representatives to serve a four-year term.