2019 Canadian federal election (PMI Canada, Green landslide)

The 2019 Canadian federal election was held on October 21, 2019. Members of the House of Commons were elected to the 43rd Canadian Parliament. In keeping with the maximum four-year term under a 2007 amendment to the Canada Elections Act, the writs of election for the 2019 election were issued by Governor General Julie Payette on September 11, 2019.

The Green Party, led by their veteran Elizabeth May, won a landslide victory with 193 out of 338 seats (57.1%) and 30.3% of the popular vote, overturning the Liberal Party's majority to form their own majority government. This was their best ever result since first contesting federal elections in 1984, gaining over 4.28 million votes (+26.9pp swing) to take seats from all four other parliamentary parties, who all (net) lost seats and votes after 2015. In doing so, they broke the Liberals' record from last election of achieving the largest ever change in vote and seat counts and percentages to win, highlighting the extent of Canada's greatest political realignment by forming the first ever non-Liberal or (Progressive) Conservative government. The Greens set many other electoral records, one of which was winning a majority with the lowest ever share of the popular vote: 30.3%, lower than the Conservatives' 34.8% in Canada's first election in 1867.

Incumbent Prime Minister Justin Trudeau led his Liberals to win only 45 seats (13.3% of total seats) and 23.3% of the vote, suffering their worst ever defeat after 1984, where he even lost his own Papineau seat to the Greens amid the SNC-Lavalin affair. This scandal, where Trudeau expelled his former Cabinet Ministers Jody Wilson-Raybould and Jane Philpott from the Liberal Party, led to both of them retaining their seats as independent MPs for Vancouver Granville and Markham—Stouffville respectively, becoming the first independents to win a seat since 2008.

The Conservatives, under their new leader Andrew Scheer, remained the Official Opposition with 97 seats and 26.8% of the vote, almost the same as 2015's 99 seats despite a -5.1pp popular vote swing. In their first ever election, the People's Party won 1 seat by their leader Maxime Bernier retaining Beauce, a seat he won as a Conservative in the previous four elections before forming his own party (following his unsuccessful bid for the Conservative Party's leadership).

The New Democratic Party and the Bloc Québécois, both under new leaders Jagmeet Singh and Yves-François Blanchet respectively, lost all their seats in their parties' worst ever results, as they have both always been represented in the federal Parliament since their first elections (the NDP in 1962, its predecessor the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation since 1935; the Bloc since 1993).

The huge disparity between each party's popular vote and seat percentages reignited calls for electoral reform. This was primarily pushed by NDP and Bloc Québécois supporters, since the Bloc received 3.6% (14.4% in Quebec) and the NDP 10.0% of the popular vote, yet lost all their seats. May acknowledged this, but maintained her electoral mandate was for resolving the climate crisis. Nonetheless, she left open the possibility of electoral reform if she could reach consensus from all parties, similar to Trudeau's 2015 election promise which he claimed was broken by the lack of consensus.

Results
Marking the first time in Canadian history that no single party received more than 31% of the popular vote, the Green Party also set the record for the highest disproportionality between seat and vote percentages.