2024 United States Senate Elections

The 2024 Senate Elections took place with Joe Biden's re-election as President. Despite Biden's victory over President Donald Trump, Republicans were able to take back control of the Senate, gaining an impressive gain of 4 seats. This was largely in part to many vulnerable Democratic incumbents in highly-Republican states. In total, no Republicans ran in a state Joe Biden won in 2020 or 2024, while 3 Democrats ran in states Donald Trump won in both 2020 and 2024, all by large margin victories. Additionally, 4 Democrats ran in states won by President Biden by less than 5 points, while only one Republican ran in a state that President Trump won by less than 5 points.

In total, Republicans held onto all their open seats and every incumbent Republican won re-election. On the other hand, 3 Democrats (Jon Tester of Montana, Jacky Rosen of Nevada and Joe Manchin of West Virginia) all lost re-election to Republicans. Additionally, Republicans won Arizona, where incumbent Senator Kyrsten Sinema was defeated in the primary, the first time an incumbent lost re-nomination since 2012.

In addition to the class 1 senate seats up for re-election, 2 other special elections took place: In Nebraska, Incumbent Senator Ben Sasse resigned to become the President of the University of Florida, and a special election was set to fill out his remaining term. In Louisiana, incumbent Senator John Kennedy resigned after winning election to become the Governor of Louisiana, and a special election was set to fill out his remaining term, ending in 2029.

Arizona
Incumbent United States Senator Kyrsten Sinema, who was elected in 2018 as a Democrat, but switched to an independent in 2022, did not run for re-election to a second term. Democrats nominated Congressman Reuben Gallego from the 3rd district, while Republicans nominated Arizona State Treasurer Kimberly Yee. In the general election, Yee defeated Gallego, despite Democratic President Joe Biden winning Arizona on the same ballot. Yee's victory was attributed to her appeal to moderate voters who supported Sinema but were turned off by Gallego's more liberal policies.

Democratic Primary
Nominee Eliminated in Primary
 * Rueben Gallego, United States Representative from Arizona's 3rd Congressional district (2013-2025)
 * James Marvin, attorney

Republican Primary
Nominee Eliminated in Primary
 * Kimberly Yee, Arizona State Treasurer (2019-2025) and candidate for Governor in 2022
 * Blake Masters, venture capitalist and nominee for the United States Senate in 2022
 * Mark Finchem, former State Representative and nominee for Arizona Secretary of State in 2022
 * Jim Lamon, businessman and candidate for the United States Senate in 2022

Florida
Incumbent United States Senator Rick Scott ran for re-election to a second term in office. Scott was speculated to run for President in 2024, but declined and instead ran for another term in the Senate. Stephanie Murphy, the former congresswoman from Florida's 7th congressional district, was the Democratic nominee. Scott defeated Murphy in the general election, although he underperformed President Donald Trump in the Presidential election.

Republican Primary
Nominee
 * Rick Scott, incumbent United States Senator since 2019 and former Governor of Florida (2011-2019)

Democratic Nominee
Nominee
 * Stephanie Murphy, former United States Representative from Florida's 7th Congressional District (2017-2023)

Louisiana (Special)
United States Senator John Kennedy, who was re-elected in 2022, resigned in January 2024, after winning the 2023 Louisiana Gubernatorial elections. As Governor, Kennedy appointed Jeff Landry, the former State attorney general, as the interim Senator until the special election. Landry ran for a full term, racing several Republican and Democratic challengers. In the November Jungle Primary, Landry and former Democratic Governor John Bel Edwards advanced to the runoff. The runoff was expected to be close, with some polls showing Edwards in the early on. However, Landry was able to gain momentum and defeat Edwards by a larger than expected margin.

Jungle Primary
Republican Candidates Advanced to Runoff Defeated in Jungle Primary Democratic Candidates Advanced to Runoff Defeated in Jungle Primary
 * Jeff Landry, Incumbent United States Senator
 * Adam Graham, attorney
 * Joseph Cao, former United States Representative from Louisiana's 2nd Congressional District (2009-2011) and candidate for the Senate in 2016
 * John Schroeder, former Louisiana State Treasurer, candidate for Governor in 2023
 * John Bel Edwards, former Governor of Louisiana (2016-2024)
 * Gary Chambers, activist, candidate for the United States senate in 2022, perennial candidate.

Michigan
Incumbent Senator Debbie Stabenow ran for re-election to a fifth term in office. Stabenow faced Republican challenger John Gibbs, who had ran for congress in 2022. Despite Michigan's status as a swing time, Stabenow was able to easily win re-election, defeating Gibbs by 15 points.

As with the gubernatorial race that happened 2 years earlier, Republicans failed to find many strong candidates for the race. Notable candidates including Peter Meijer, John James, Jack Bergman, James Craig and Ronna Romney McDaniel all declined to run, leading to Gibbs, a weak candidate who was known as a very far right Republican, to win the nomination.

Democratic Primary
Nominee
 * Debbie Stabenow, incumbent Senator since 2001

Republican
Nominee Eliminated in Primary
 * John Gibbs, former Trump administration official and nominee for Michigan's 3rd congressional district in 2022
 * Perry Johnson, businessman and candidate for Governor in 2022
 * Callum Waters, radio personality
 * Joe Gale, former Holly City Councilman

Montana
Incumbent Senator Jon Tester, a Democrat, ran for re-election to a fourth term. Tester was seen as the most vulnerable Senators up for re-election, largely due to Montana's Republican lean. United States Representative Ryan Zinke won the Republican nomination. As President Trump and Governor Gianforte were expected to win in Montana easily, many believed Zinke would defeat Tester by a solid margin. The original vote count saw Zinke lead Tester by around 2,000 votes.

Tester demanded a recount on November 9th. The recount solidified Zinke's victory, though it decreased to a mere 1,600 votes. Just one and a half weeks later, 4,000 votes in the Helena metro area were discovered not counted. Once counted, Zinke lead's shrunk to 123 votes. This was the closest race of the 2024 Senate cycle.

Democratic Party
Nominee Failed to Qualify
 * Jon Tester, Incumbent united States Senator since 2007
 * Salis Murray, communist activist and perennial candidate

Republican Primary
Nominee Eliminated in Primary
 * Ryan Zinke, United States Representative from Montana's 1st Congressional District (2015-2017, 2023-205)
 * Carl Slanders, State Senator
 * Matt Rosendale, United States Representative from Montana's 2nd Congressional District

Nevada
Incumbent Senator Jacky Rosen ran for re-election to a second term, but was narrowly defeated by United States Representative Mark Amodei.

Democratic Primary

 * Jacky Rosen, incumbent United States Senator (2019-2025)

Republican Primary
Eliminated In Primary
 * Mark Amodei, U.S. Representative from Nevada's 2nd Congressional District (2010-2025)
 * Joey Gilbert, attorney and candidate for Governor of Nevada in 2022
 * Brian Shorell, U.S. Navy veteran
 * Joel Heidneck, perennial candidate

Democratic Primary
Nominee Eliminated in Primary
 * Sherrod Brown, incumbent United States Senator since 2007
 * Nina Turner, former state senator, candidate for Ohio's 11th congressional district in 2021 and 2022, co-chair of the Bernie Sanders Presidential campaigns in 2016 and 2020

Republican Primary
Nominee Eliminated in Primary
 * Frank LaRose, Ohio Secretary of State (2019-2027)
 * Mike Gibbons, businessman and candidate for the Senate in 2018 and 2022
 * Warren Davidson, U.S. Representative from Ohio's 8th District
 * Anthony Gonzalez, U.S. Representative from Ohio's 16th District

Pennsylvania
Incumbent Senator Bob Casey Jr. ran for re-election to a fourth term, defeating Republican Kathy Barnette by a large margin.

Democratic Primary

 * Bob Casey Jr, incumbent Senator since 2007

Republican Primary
Eliminated in Primary Withdrew
 * Kathy Barnette, author and candidate for Senate in 2022
 * Jake Corman, former State Senate President Pro Tempore
 * Meg Hartman, businessman
 * David McCormick, hedge fund manager and candidate for Senate in 2022