User:Caio79 (Brazil)

HeDing text
1889: The Viscount of Ouro Preto (Liberal)

1889-1890: Viscount of Maracaju (Independent)

1890-1891: Deodoro da Fonseca (Conservative)

1891-1893: Antônio da Silva Prado (Conservative)

1893-1895: -(Conservative)

1895-1898: Joaquim Nabuco (Liberal)

1898-1899: - (Conservative)

1899-1902: Rui Barbosa (Liberal)

(Failed coup/Chaos)

1902 - 1906: Military (1906)

(Failed coup/Chaos)

1906 - 1907: (1907)

1907 - 1909: Júlio Bueno Brandão (Liberal Conservative)

1909 - 1910: Rodrigues Alves (Liberal Conservative)

1910 - 1911: Júlio Bueno Brandão (Liberal Conservative)

1911 - 1915: Minas Gerais clique hardliner type (1912)

1915 - 1917: Epitácio Pessoa (Liberal Conservative)

(1917) 1917 - 1919: Artur Bernardes (Liberal Conservative)

1919 - 1921: Independent nobleman, dinstant relative to the imperial family (Made the Paulistas fall a bit)

(1921) 1921 - 1924: far-right clique, kinda outsider

(1924) 1924 - 1926: Radical/Independent, Diplomat and politician (incapable)

(1926) 1926 - 1929: Gaucho/Northern clique (Forced to resign, puppet of some guy)

1929 - 1930: Diplomat and ideologue (Interim) (São Paulo - far right clique compromise) (Some crisis idk)

(1930) 1930 - 1932: Washington Luís (Liberal Conservative)

1930 - 1940: Plínio Salgado (Integralist)

May 1940 - June 1941: Military

June 1941 - June 1942: Center Left

June 1942 - December 1942: Center Left

December 1942 - July 1943 : Center Right

July 1943 - March 1946: Osvaldo Aranha (1943, 1946) (Liberal Nationalist)

March 1946 - July 1949: Center Left

(1949) July 1949 - March 1951: Minority Center Left

March 1951 - November 1954: Center (1952)

November 1954 - May 1955: Caretaker

May 1955 - October 1956: Alberto Pasqualini (Labor)

October 1956 - March 1957: Center

March 1957 - May 1958: Center Left

May 1958 - November 1958: Center Left

November 1958 - August 1959: Caretaker

(1959) August 1959 - January 1960: Center Left

January 1960 - July 1962: Center

July 1962 - April 1963: Center minority

(1963) April 1963 - December 1964: Center

December 1964 - September 1965: Caretaker

September 1965 - December 1968: Afonso Arinos (June 1968) (Progressive)

December 1968 - February 1972: Juscelino Kubitschek (Progressive)

February 1972 - November 1974: Center Right (1972) (Brazilian Democratic)

November 1974 - August 1979: Leonel Brizola (July 1976) (Labor)

(1979) August 1979 - Octouber 1980: Ulysses Guimarães (Progressive)

October 1980 - December 1982: Itamar Franco (Labor)

December 1982 - August 1983: Magalhães Pinto (National Democratic)

(1983) August 1983 - April 1987: Center Left

April 1987 - July 1987: Center Right

(1987) July 1987 - April 1988: Center Left

April 1988 - July 1989: Center Left

July 1989 - June 1992: Center Left

(1992) April 1992 - April 1994: Fernando Collor

April 1994 - June 2000: Silvio Santos (1994, 1998)

June 2000 - April 2002: Enéas Carneiro

(2002, 2006) April 2002-2009: Lula

2009-2010: Gilberto Gil

2010-2011: Lula (2010)

2011-2014: Marta Suplicy

(2014) 2014-2018: Levy Fidelix

(2018) 2018-2022: Ciro Gomes

Notes because I don't know where to put these
https://www.ufsj.edu.br/portal2-repositorio/File/revistaestudosfilosoficos/art10-rev3.pdf Persecution of republicans -> Stablishment and aristocracy has been empowered again -> Some reforms to the status quo starts to appear -> They get ousted and the oligarchic regime is implemented -> Parliament curbs empress

Remember Campos Salles

Rodrigues Alves -> Infraestructure, good economy; Afonso Pena -> Railways, immigration; Hermes -> Army-centric; Brás -> Civil code, factories; Delfim Moreira -> Mad; Epitácio Pessoa -> Anti-drought, army and labor reforms; Bernardes -> Represseive; Washington -> Roads

https://www.econ.puc-rio.br/uploads/adm/trabalhos/files/Henrique_Cadime_Duque_Estrada_Meyer.pdf Industrialization notes. Also, less industrialisation before the 30s because no WW1

https://www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/handle/10183/12462/000627005.pdf;sequence=1 JK notes

https://anovafederacaodip.wordpress.com/2020/12/09/positivismo-gaucho-brasileiro-trabalhismo-brasileiro-e-republica-positiva-uma-historia-resumida-capitulo-ii/ Names

Roberto Campos - PAEG

Whatever
Belle Époque:

Deodoro da Fonseca - Yes. -

Cesário Alvim - Yes. -

Antônio da Silva Prado - Maybe. -

Francisco de Assis Rosa e Silva - Yes.

Afonso Pena - Yes. -

Joaquim Nabuco - Yes. -

Barão do Rio Branco - Yes. -

Ruy Barbosa - Yes. -

Paulino de Sousa - Yes. -

Marquês de Muritiba - No. -

Visconde de Sinimbu - No. -

José Antônio Saraiva - No. -

João Alfredo Correia de Oliveira - No. -

Eduardo Wandekolk - Yes. -

Rodrigo Augusto da Silva - No. - 2nd Baron of Tietê

José Mariano Carneiro da Cunha - Yes. -

Carlos de Laet - No. -

Alberto Torres - Yes. -

Viscount of Taunay - No. -

António Luis von Hoonoholtz - No. - Baron of Tefé -

Lafayatte Rodrigues - No.

Antônio Marcelino Nunes Gonçalves - No. - Viscount of São Luis do Maranhão -

Oligarchy:

Epitácio Pessoa - Yes. - 2nd Baron of Lucena - Still gets a seat around the same time as otl thanks to the support of local politicians; Liked Deodoro but not Floriano; Could be a minister of justice or foreign affairs; Elaborated a civil code while minister of justice in 1900 but was only approved in 1916 under the Brás government; Elaborate an upopular and rigid school code in 1901, tried to convince Salles to take action against the protests but he refused and later resigned of the office in the same year; Was a lawyer for sometime until Salles made him supreme court justice in 1902; 5 months later he was made general prosecutor while also being in the STF, he resigned of the office after Rodrigues Alves entred in conflict with J. J. Seabra; In 1909 Rio Branco trusted him the elaboration of a project of public internationL law code, done by the II pan-american conference in RJ in 1906 under the presidency of Joaquim Nabuco; Supported J. J. Seabra and denied the habeas corpus to the opposition governor of Bahia that was deposed in 1912; In June 1912 the junta internacional dos juridescontos met in order to examinate the projects of the international public and private law code according to the 1906 II pan-american conference, he was the Brazilian delegate along with Candido de Oliveira and presided the meeting; A month later he retired from the STF due to health concerns; Later in the same year he ran for a senate seat at the request of Paraiba politicians, his first speech was of self-defense, defending the legitmacy of his retirement; Supported Hermes da Fonseca who was been criticised by the press due to political militarism; In 1915 he became the political boss of his state; Was a member of the comission for legislation and justice of the senate; Was against the recognition of children born out of adultery or incest; After the death of Pinheiro Machado he ascended to a higher status on the senate; Supported amnesty to those who participated in the revolta da armada; Endores Rodrigues Alves in his second candidacy; Was the Brazilian delegate to the versailles conference at the request of Domício da Gama and returned with successful negotiations; Was indicated to be the successor of Delfim Moreira at the PRM's intiative, considering him a "neutral candidate", something that made him surprised; Ruy Barbosa alleged that he left the STF due to "physical incapabilties" to distance him from the dispute; Resited the pressure of military circles and appointed civilians to military ministries, declaring that the objective was to free the officers from administriative and political problems and to interest civilian elements in the study and decision of military problems, he later said in his book that idea came to him after seeing that in European countries; He entred office in 1917 while Brazil suffered from a strike problem, refering to the situation as a financial crisis he highlighted inflation problems, carestia de vida, financial deficit of foreign loans that already totalized two contracts of the funding loan in 16 years; Adter Brazil participated in the 1919 conferation of labor in Washington he urged the congress to sign labor laws about work hours and protections for children, women and health, the idea was met with a lack of interest by them; Despite government repressions the strikes from early 1917 continued until 1919; In Janaury 1921 the Adolfo Gordo law regulamented the repression of anarchism and sanctions against those accused of depedration, bomb making and other ilegal activities, as well as the closing of trade unions and other civilian organisations; Ruy Barbosa left his office as the representative of Brazil in the league of nations due to Pessoa's intervention in favor of the Bahia stablishment and made passionate statements about it; In 1920 Epitacio felt losing his independence of party functions due to pressure from the big states to fight the crisis, speciaaly those of SP, whose governor Washington Luís, threatned giving up support on him after his heavy intervention against congress interrupting a project of emission asked by said state; The conflict continued after the discussion of a project to created new taxes, attaclrd by RS, SP and RJ, the publication of an article atributed to Pessoa in the jornal do comércio that criticised the big states, lead to the majority leader Carlos de Campos leaving in protest, despite all this the project came to be in 1921; In Novemeber Hermes da Fonseca came back to Brazil and became the natural leader of the military in reaction to the government, in the next year officers had a few conflicts with minister Calógeras; The opposition of the big states against Pessoa lead to the states of the north searching a balance with southern forces, but said efforts failed and lead to him gaining an even lower image; He refused to indicate someone for president but desired for the vp to be a northerner, a conflict between Bahia's J. J. Seabra and Pernambuco's José Bezerra lead to Maranhão's Urbano Santos gaining the office, BA and PE then allied with RS against Bernardes; In January 1922 he vetoed the army budget due to it presenting a deficit higher than 350.000 bucks, despite the protests along eith threats about calling the STF, the budget was approved; Between the annoucement of the results of the 1922 election the military made a few revolts, Epitacio repressed them and declared a state of siege where several people were jailed and he lei da Impresa was made (probably censorship); He was criticised about letting the revolt happen instead of avoiding it, accuing him of ditatorial measures; The main initiatives of the Epitácio Pessoa government were the creation of the National Department of Public Health in the Ministry of Justice, the transfer of the Fishing Service from the Ministry of Agriculture to the Navy, with the aim of nationalizing fishing activities, and the creation of several bodies and divisions in the Ministry of Agriculture to meet specific objectives. Still in this ministry, the government created, with the aim of alleviating problems related to the cost of living, the Superintendence of Supply, which replaced the Commissariat of Food, an entity organized in 1917 with the purpose of regulating trade conditions made difficult by virtue of the war. Pressured by the producers who complained about the Commissariat's action, but pressured by agrarian agitations, when taking over the government Epitácio decided to institute an intermediary, transitional mechanism, in charge of promoting the “gradual and cautious return to full freedom of transactions”. In addition to imposing restrictive measures, the Superintendence regulated free fairs and free zones.; An important initiative was also the impetus given to the plan to combat droughts in the Northeast, which, however, would later be abandoned during the Artur Bernardes government. Through Decree No. 3965, of December 25, 1919, the works against droughts began, awarded by contract to three foreign firms, which, for infringing the norms of public competition, cost Epitácio's plan severe criticism from the opposition. In the teaching and education sector, the government created, on September 7, 1920, the University of Rio de Janeiro, initially constituted by the Polytechnic School and by the faculties of Medicine and Law of Rio.; Aiming to implement the steel industry in Brazil, Epitácio supported the project of the Itabira Iron Ore Company, whose representative was the North American Percival Farquhar. The contract was signed in 1920 and, according to its terms, the company could export iron ore from the deposits of Itabira, currently Itabira do Mato Dentro (MG), undertaking, in return, to build and operate blast furnaces, power plants of steel and rolling trains, as well as two railroads that would depart from Itabira and the port of Santa Cruz (ES), joining the Vitória-Minas Railroad. For Epitácio, due to the problem with the exchange box, any inflow of foreign capital should deserve government support, and Itabira would employ around 60 million dollars in the country. The contract, however, generated intense controversy, as opposition circles considered it harmful to national interests. The most serious opposition to the Itabira contract came from the government of Minas Gerais, both in the Artur Bernardes administration and in the of his successor, Raul Soares.; Epitácio handed over the presidency to his successor, Artur Bernardes, on November 15, 1922, and the following day he left for Europe, where he remained until July 1923. In September of that last year, the Council of the League of Nations appointed him to fill the vacancy left open at the Permanent Court of International Justice in The Hague following the death of Rui Barbosa; On the eve of the homage, Correio da Manhã, the newspaper that had led the strong opposition campaign during his government, in an editorial accused the former president of the Republic of having received bribes from some sugar exporters. According to the newspaper, Epitácio would have accepted a jewel offered to his wife in exchange for the suspension of certain restrictive measures issued by the Supply Superintendence regulating the export of that product. According to the journalist Mário Rodrigues – author of the article and director of the newspaper in the absence of Edmundo Bittencourt –, this measure led to the export of large quantities of sugar, carried out by the “hoarders” Araújo Franco and Dias Tavares, resulting in the lack and raising the price of the product to the detriment of the popular economy. Called “The Reprobate” by the columnist, Epitácio sued Mário Rodrigues in court, which convicted him of the crime of slander.; Supported by João Suassuna; Disliked Luís's financial reform based on monetary stabilization; Supported João Pessoa and the 1930 revolution; Due to his ascention seemingly being linked to the death of Machado and WWI maybe if he were to become PM it should be around 1900s to 1910s or maybe he just stays doing diplomatic or law work

Rodrigues Alves - Yes. -

Francisco Campos - Yes. -

Artur Bernardes - Yes. -

Júlio Bueno Brandão - Yes. -

Hermes da Fonseca - Yes. -

Washington Luís - Yes. -

Altino Arantes - Yes. -

Venceslau Brás - Yes. -

Silviano Brandão - Yes. -

Fernando de Melo Viana - Yes. -

Pandiá Calógeras - Yes. -

Ribeiro de Andrada - Yes. -

Júlio Prestes - Yes. -

José Maria Wihtaker - Yes. -

Pinheiro Machado - Yes. -

Delfim Moreira - Yes. -

Otávio Mangabeira - Yes.

Adolfo Bergamini - Yes. -

Afrânio de Melo Franco - Yes. -

Olegário Maciel - Yes. -

Miguel Costa - Yes. -

Pre Integralist:

Jackson de Figueiredo - Yes. -

Severino Sombra - No. -

Miguel Reale - No. -

Anor Butler Maciel - No. -

Populist:

Cordeiro de Farias - Yes. -

Eduardo Gomes - Yes. -

Osvaldo Aranha - Yes. -

Alberto Pasqualini -

João Mangabeira - Yes. -

Fernando Ferrari -

Ademar de Barros -

Pedro Ernesto Baptista -

Uncertanty:

Abelardo Jurema - Edna Lott -

Hermes Lima -

Walter Moreira Salles -

Josué de Castro -

Roberto Campos -

Roberto Silveira -

Ney Braga -

Mário Simonsen -

Jânio Quadros - Miguel Arraes -

Afonso Arinos -

Auro de Moura Andrade -

Celso Peçanha -

Ariano Suassuna -

Herbert Levy -

Francisco Julião -

Carlos Lacerda -

See the others in the document.

Contemporary: